Recently, astronomers suddenly became able to measure the parallax of stars up to ten times more distant...?

tham153 is correct, it was the Hipparcos satellite. But since that satellite did have a telescope and it was orbiting, then you can say it was an orbiting telescope (like Hubble Space Telescope). Hubble is not the only orbiting telescope. So the first choice is the most correct of the 4 you can choose from.